Pulley systems — mechanical advantage

SystemMechanical advantage
1:1Single fixed pulley — no advantage, only redirects the load.
2:1One moving pulley at the load — pull twice the distance for each metre of load lifted.
3:1One fixed + one moving pulley — pull three times the distance.
6:1Compound system — pull six times the distance.
9:1Compound system with additional redirect — pull nine times the distance.

The higher the mechanical advantage, the less force the operator applies — but the more rope must be pulled through the system.

3:1 pulley system at 8% friction. Real MA 2.77, input 0.36 kN to lift 1 kN.1 kNPull

Block-and-tackle — one third the force, three times the rope

Theoretical MA

3: 1

Real MA

2.77: 1

92% efficient

Input force

0.36kN

to lift 1 kN

Rope per metre

3m

pulled / lifted

For a 10 m lift: pull 30.0 m of rope through the system; budget ≈ 33.0 m of working line (incl. 10% overhead for tails and progress capture).

Good efficiency